In this paper we develop a dynamic form of Bayesian optimization for machine learning models with the goal of rapidly finding good hyperparameter settings. Our method uses the partial information gained during the training of a machine learning model in order to decide whether to pause training and start a new model, or resume the training of a previously-considered model. We specifically tailor our method to machine learning problems by developing a novel positive-definite covariance kernel to capture a variety of training curves. Furthermore, we develop a Gaussian process prior that scales gracefully with additional temporal observations. Finally, we provide an information-theoretic framework to automate the decision process. Experiments on several common machine learning models show that our approach is extremely effective in practice.
@unpublished{swersky2014freeze,
year = {2014},
author = {Swersky, Kevin and Snoek, Jasper and Adams, Ryan P.},
title = {Freeze-Thaw Bayesian Optimization},
note = {arXiv:1406.3896 [stat.ML]},
keywords = {Bayesian optimization, Gaussian processes}
}